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Nebaltal Kennels
German Shepherd Dog
Herding Group Breed Standard
Temperament
The breed has a distinct
personality marked by direct and fearless, but not hostile, expression, self-confidence
and a certain aloofness that does not lend itself to immediate and indiscriminate
friendships. The dog must be approachable, quietly standing its ground and showing
confidence and willingness to meet overtures without itself making them. It is poised, but
when the occasion demands, eager and alert; both fit and willing to serve in its capacity
as companion, watchdog, blind leader, herding dog, or guardian, whichever the
circumstances may demand. The dog must not be timid, shrinking behind its master or
handler; it should not be nervous, looking about or upward with anxious expression or
showing nervous reactions, such as tucking of tail, to strange sounds or sights. Lack of
confidence under any surroundings is not typical of good character. Any of the above
deficiencies in character which indicate shyness must be penalized as very serious faults
and any dog exhibiting pronounced indications of these must be excused from the ring. It
must be possible for the judge to observe the teeth and to determine that both testicles
are descended. Any dog that attempts to bite the judge must be disqualified. The ideal dog
is a working animal with an incorruptible character combined with body and gait suitable
for the arduous work that constitutes its primary purpose.
Size,
Proportion, Substance
The desired height for males at
the top of the highest point of the shoulder blade is 24 to 26 inches; and for bitches, 22
to 24 inches.
The German Shepherd Dog is longer than tall, with the most desirable proportion as 10 to
8½. The length is measured from the point of the prosternum or breastbone to the rear
edge of the pelvis, the ischial tuberosity. The desirable long proportion is not derived
from a long back, but from overall length with relation to height, which is achieved by
length of forequarter and length of withers and hindquarter, viewed from the side.
Head
The head is noble, cleanly
chiseled, strong without coarseness, but above all not fine, and in proportion to the
body. The head of the male is distinctly masculine, and that of the bitch distinctly
feminine.
The expression keen, intelligent and composed. Eyes of medium size, almond shaped, set a
little obliquely and not protruding. The color is as dark as possible. Ears are moderately
pointed, in proportion to the skull, open toward the front, and carried erect when at
attention, the ideal carriage being one in which the center lines of the ears, viewed from
the front, are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ground. A dog with cropped
or hanging ears must be disqualified.
Seen from the front the forehead is only moderately arched, and the skull slopes into the
long, wedge-shaped muzzle without abrupt stop. The muzzle is long and strong, and its
topline is parallel to the topline of the skull. Nose black. A dog with a nose that is not
predominantly black must be disqualified. The lips are firmly fitted. Jaws are strongly
developed. Teeth --42 in number--20 upper and 22 lower--are strongly developed and meet in
a scissors bite in which part of the inner surface of the upper incisors meet and engage
part of the outer surface of the lower incisors. An overshot jaw or a level bite is
undesirable. An undershot jaw is a disqualifying fault. Complete dentition is to be
preferred. Any missing teeth other than first premolars is a serious fault.
Neck,
Topline, Body
The neck is strong and
muscular, clean-cut and relatively long, proportionate in size to the head and without
loose folds of skin. When the dog is at attention or excited, the head is raised and the
neck carried high; otherwise typical carriage of the head is forward rather than up and
but little higher than the top of the shoulders, particularly in motion.
Topline-- The withers are higher than and sloping into the level back. The back is
straight, very strongly developed without sag or roach, and relatively short. The whole
structure of the body gives an impression of depth and solidity without bulkiness.
Chest--Commencing at the prosternum, it is well filled and carried well down between the
legs. It is deep and capacious, never shallow, with ample room for lungs and heart,
carried well forward, with the prosternum showing ahead of the shoulder in profile. Ribs
well sprung and long, neither barrel-shaped nor too flat, and carried down to a sternum
which reaches to the elbows. Correct ribbing allows the elbows to move back freely when
the dog is at a trot. Too round causes interference and throws the elbows out; too flat or
short causes pinched elbows. Ribbing is carried well back so that the loin is relatively
short. Abdomen firmly held and not paunchy. The bottom line is only moderately tucked up
in the loin.
Loin Viewed from the top, broad and strong. Undue length between the last rib and the
thigh, when viewed from the side, is undesirable. Croup long and gradually sloping.
Tail bushy, with the last vertebra extended at least to the hock joint. It is set smoothly
into the croup and low rather than high. At rest, the tail hangs in a slight curve like a
saber. A slight hook- sometimes carried to one side-is faulty only to the extent that it
mars general appearance. When the dog is excited or in motion, the curve is accentuated
and the tail raised, but it should never be curled forward beyond a vertical line. Tails
too short, or with clumpy ends due to ankylosis, are serious faults. A dog with a docked
tail must be disqualified.
Forequarters
The shoulder blades are long
and obliquely angled, laid on flat and not placed forward. The upper arm joins the
shoulder blade at about a right angle. Both the upper arm and the shoulder blade are well
muscled. The forelegs, viewed from all sides, are straight and the bone oval rather than
round. The pasterns are strong and springy and angulated at approximately a 25-degree
angle from the vertical. Dewclaws on the forelegs may be removed, but are normally left
on.
The feet are short, compact with toes well arched, pads thick and firm, nails short and
dark.
Hindquarters
The whole assembly of the
thigh, viewed from the side, is broad, with both upper and lower thigh well muscled,
forming as nearly as possible a right angle. The upper thigh bone parallels the shoulder
blade while the lower thigh bone parallels the upper arm. The metatarsus (the unit between
the hock joint and the foot) is short, strong and tightly articulated. The dewclaws, if
any, should be removed from the hind legs. Feet as in front.
Coat
The ideal dog has a double coat
of medium length. The outer coat should be as dense as possible, hair straight, harsh and
lying close to the body. A slightly wavy outer coat, often of wiry texture, is
permissible. The head, including the inner ear and foreface, and the legs and paws are
covered with short hair, and the neck with longer and thicker hair. The rear of the
forelegs and hind legs has somewhat longer hair extending to the pastern and hock,
respectively. Faults in coat include soft, silky, too long outer coat, woolly, curly, and
open coat.
Color
The German Shepherd Dog varies
in color, and most colors are permissible. Strong rich colors are preferred. Pale,
washed-out colors and blues or livers are serious faults. A white dog must be
disqualified.
Gait
A German Shepherd Dog is a
trotting dog, and its structure has been developed to meet the requirements of its work.
General Impression-- The gait is outreaching, elastic, seemingly without effort, smooth
and rhythmic, covering the maximum amount of ground with the minimum number of steps. At a
walk it covers a great deal of ground, with long stride of both hind legs and forelegs. At
a trot the dog covers still more ground with even longer stride, and moves powerfully but
easily, with coordination and balance so that the gait appears to be the steady motion of
a well-lubricated machine. The feet travel close to the ground on both forward reach and
backward push. In order to achieve ideal movement of this kind, there must be good
muscular development and ligamentation. The hindquarters deliver, through the back, a
powerful forward thrust which slightly lifts the whole animal and drives the body forward.
Reaching far under, and passing the imprint left by the front foot, the hind foot takes
hold of the ground; then hock, stifle and upper thigh come into play and sweep back, the
stroke of the hind leg finishing with the foot still close to the ground in a smooth
follow-through. The overreach of the hindquarter usually necessitates one hind foot
passing outside and the other hind foot passing inside the track of the forefeet, and such
action is not faulty unless the locomotion is crabwise with the dog's body sideways out of
the normal straight line.
Transmission The typical smooth, flowing gait is maintained with great strength and
firmness of back. The whole effort of the hindquarter is transmitted to the forequarter
through the loin, back and withers. At full trot, the back must remain firm and level
without sway, roll, whip or roach. Unlevel topline with withers lower than the hip is a
fault. To compensate for the forward motion imparted by the hindquarters, the shoulder
should open to its full extent. The forelegs should reach out close to the ground in a
long stride in harmony with that of the hindquarters. The dog does not track on widely
separated parallel lines, but brings the feet inward toward the middle line of the body
when trotting, in order to maintain balance. The feet track closely but do not strike or
cross over. Viewed from the front, the front legs function from the shoulder joint to the
pad in a straight line. Viewed from the rear, the hind legs function from the hip joint to
the pad in a straight line. Faults of gait, whether from front, rear or side, are to be
considered very serious faults.
DISQUALIFICATIONS
Cropped or hanging ears.
Dogs with noses not predominantly black.
Undershot jaw.
Docked tail.
White dogs.
Any dog that attempts to bite the judge.
Approved February 11, 1978
Reformatted July 11, 1994